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CONTENTS1.Editorial2.MemberEmployeeProfle-EliotWeinerASMS3.ASAQuickReerenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications9.UpdateCRCorLowCarbonLiving10.SUCCESSRecentchangestotheNSWEPAGeneralExemption11.GuidetotheUseoIronandSteelSlaginRoadsReview12.AchatwithJaimeNorth13.PIANCAustraliaWorkshop14.USANationalSlagAssociation15.ConerenceReportConcrete201316.ConerenceReportAustralianSocietyoConcretePavementsASCP13CONNECTIONSEDITORIALTEAMConnectionsispublishedbytheASATheAustralasianIronSteelSlagAssociationWollongongNSW2500Ph0242258466Fax0242281777Emailinoasa-inc.org.auWebwww.asa-inc.org.auExecutiveDirectorCraigHeidrichEditorOliviaYeatmanContributorsOliviaYeatmanCraigHeidrichCarolWilsonEliotWeinerArnaudCastelJamieNorthTrevorBrownRickFelde.Connectionsisaquarterlypublicationwithanonlinecirculationo1500copiesTHISISSUEMembersoftheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationASAcouldbecharacterisedasresilientstoutirrepressibleandanumberofotheradjectivesbutingeneraltheyareprettyhardy.Inthisissuewecelebrateanumberofincrementalachievementsmadeinthesecondhalfof2013.WehavehadsomethingtocelebratewithaseriesofamendmentstotheNSWEPAExemptionsforvariousironandsteelslagsgazettedon1July2013whichfurtherattestthebenecialandsafeapplicationsofslag.Theseimportantamendmentsprovidefurthercertaintytoindustrymembersinsupportoftheireconomicpursuitsasanincreasinglypredominantaspectintodayscompetitiveenvironment.TheCRCforLowCarbonLivinghttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.auprovidesanalternativelensinwhichtoperceiveAssociationmemberswhereinsteadofcomparingourselvestoothermainstreamcompetitorsperhapsweshouldtakeadierentapproachandlooktohowwecandistinguishourselvesfromthemajorityasinnovatorsrunningourownrace.Inthiseditionwefocusontwoindividualsthathighlightthediversityofparticipantswithintheslagindustry.EliotWeinerBusinessDevelopmentManagerforAustralianSteelMillServicesASMSprovidesaninsightintohisinvolvementinthefamilybusinessandmovingfromtheUStoAustralia.ArtistJamieNorthtalksabouthissculptureswhicharemadefromslagmaterialsandthewayinwhichtheyseektodemonstratethebuiltenvironment.Bothofthesestakeholdersdemonstratethevariedapplicationsofslagandthetypesofbusinessparticipantswhoseektocontinuallyinnovate.EditorialTheRoadsGuideReviewprojecthasbeenprogressingwellwiththerstQuickReferenceGuideRoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsincludedinthiseditionofConnections.Authorscontinuetoworkhardtoproducethesedocumentswiththenextexpectedforcompletioninmid-2014.ThecontributionofothermembersduringtheMemberReviewprocessisalsomuchappreciatedasthisaddstothetechnicalvalidityofthedocuments.IntermsofindustryeventstheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationhassponsoredandattendedtheConcrete2013httpwww.concreteinstitute.com.auandtheAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementshttpwww.concretepavements.com.auconferencesbothprovidingbenecialnetworkingandmembergenerationopportunitiesfortheAssociationnetwork.TherearealsofutureeventstolookforwardtowiththeConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014scheduledfor3-6September2014withafocusonBuildingProductivity.MembersareencouragedtoattendandsupporttheirindustryadvocateinactionanddetailedConferenceReportsareprovidedlaterinthisedition.FinallyitseemstocomearoundfastereveryyearbuttheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationwouldagainliketowishitsmembersasafeandhappyChristmasholidayperiodandwelookforwardtoworkingwithyoutofurtherironandsteelslagutilisationin2014.Vol11Issue2November2013connectionsNovember1301 www.asa-inc.org.au02connectionsNovember13MEMBEREMPLOYEEPROFILEEliotWeinerBusinessDevelopmentManagerforAustralianSteelMillServicesASMSprovidesabriefinsightintohisexperiencesofthefamilybusinesslifeintheUSandmovingtoAustraliawithhisfamily.HowdidyougetinvolvedwithASMSMyfamilyhasbeenociallyinvolvedintheslagbusinesssince1922whenEdLevySr.struckahandshakedealwithHenryFordtobegintruckingslagfromtheRougeSteelMill.MyFatherEvanWeinerhelpedstartASMSnearly25yearsagoandIamhonouredtojoinASMSandourstrongtraditionasleadersoftheslagindustry.WhileIamlearningmoreaboutthebusinesseverydayyoucouldsaymyfamilyshistoryisasoldastheindustryitself.WhereelsehaveyoubeenemployedAftergraduationIjoinedaFortune500distributioncompanyastheGeneralManagerofanewBusinessDevelopmentGroupfocusedonhelpingourclientswinlargepublicsectorcontracts.Asateamwewereabletogrowthisstartupto100millionperannuminjustafewyears.PriortoLevyIworkedforOldcastleMaterialsinquarriesandroadconstructionlearningthefoundationalelementsofcrushingscreeningandprojectmanagement.AftercompletingOldcastlesManagementDevelopmentProgramIelectedtogetanMBAattheTippieSchoolofManagementwhereIwastheMBAPresident.IrstjoinedtheLevyGroupofCompaniesastheDirectorofFlameandTechnologicalServicesrunningIndianaFlameServiceIFSwhichprovidepatentedslabcuttingandconditioningtothesteelindustry.Thiswasmyintroductiontothesteelindustryandtothesteelmillservicebusinessanditwasarewardingone.ThroughthisexperienceIlearnedthatourpeoplearethepillarofourbusinessandIenjoyedsupportingtheIFSteaminprovidingworldclassservicestothelargeststeelmillsintheUSA.WhatisyourolewithASMSImovedwithmywifefromChicagoinJuly2013tomanagebusinessanddevelopmentforASMS.Therolewillbeaccountableforgrowingandcreatingmarketsforslagproductsandimprovingthequalityanddeliveryofourproductsinordertoexceedcustomerexpectations.ELIOTWEINER 1QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsDuringthe1990seectiveutilisationofISSremainedat30-40.Howevercurrentutilizationrestsataround85illustratingchangingparadigmsintheactivereuseoftheseproducts.CollaboratingthroughtheAssociationindoingtogetherwhatwecouldnotdoalonewehavebroadenedbothstakeholderandcommunityunderstanding.Thisnowextendstomaterialusersspecicallythoseinroadconstructionwhichhasledtofurtherincreasesineectiveutilisation.Slagco-productsaretheresultofhighlycontrolledsteel-makingprocesses.Thereforethesematerialscarrythesamelevelofqualityastheresultoftheseprocesscontrolswhichensuretheconsistencyofslagchemistryandquality.Thetypesofslagcoveredinthisguideare1BlastFurnaceSlagBFSi.GranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagGBFSii.GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagGGBFS2SteelFurnaceSlagSFS3ElectricArcFurnaceSlagEAFS4LadleFurnaceSlagLFS1.INTRODUCTIONThecontinuingneedtopreservediminishingnaturalresourcesandincreasesustainablepracticesisafundamentaltenetinbusinesstoday.Thishaspredominantlyoccurredthroughthepromotionofincreasedreuserecyclingandreprocessing.Heredisposalhasbecomethelastresortandisanissueofgreatimportanceinoursociety.ThisfocusontheimportanceofpreservationandresourcerecoveryissupportedbyinternationalfederalstateandlocalGovernmentswithrespectiveregulatingauthoritiesempoweredtoensurethesesustainablegoalsaremetthrougheectivepolicyimplementation.TheuseofironandsteelslagsISSbeingaco-productofironandsteelproductionarepredominantinroadconstructionandmaintenanceapplications.Theselarge-scaleapplicationsprovideforthelarge-scalerecoveryofanabundantproductwhichdemonstratesthegoalsofsustainability.WiththeformationoftheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationin1990therehasbeenanumberofsignicantchangesandadvancesintheeectiveutilisationofslagmaterials.Eectiveutilisationistheuseofslagmaterialsinaproductiveoreconomicallybenecialwaywhichdoesnotrequiredisposalaslandll.ThevastmajorityofISSproducedinAustraliaissoldforuseintodaysmarket.1Forexamplein201088percentofthe2.67milliontonnesMtofISSproducedwaseectivelyutilisedwithinvariousvalueaddedcivilandconstructionmaterialapplicationsthroughoutAustralasia.ThekeyresultsincludeTable1-Typicalvaluesforthephysicalpropertiesofironandsteelmakingslags.2PhysicalProperty-AggregateBlastFurnaceSlagSteelSlagTestMethodBOSSlagEAFSlagRockSlagNote-OMCdependsonthecomponentsofthemix.LAAbrasionPolishedAggregateFrictionValuePAFVSodiumSulfateSoundnessPhysicalProperty-20mmRoadbaseMaximumDryDensitykgmOptimumMoistureContent1.2100901054050 2Figure2.1-BFSManufacturingProcess.Figure2.2-GBFSManufacturingProcess.Figure2.3-GGBFSManufacturingProcess.2.1BLASTFURNACESLAGBFS2.2GRANULATEDBLASTFURNACESLAGGBFS2.3GROUNDGRANULATEDBLASTFURNACESLAGGGBFSBFSisproducedwhenironoreisreducedtoironinablastfurnace.Moltenslagfromthefurnaceispouredintopitsandallowedtocoolinair.Rocklikemineralsareformedwhicharethencrushedandscreenedtoseparatethemintoaggregatesandsands.Aircooledblastfurnaceslagmaterialsaregreyvesicularrocksslightlylighterinweightthannaturalmaterialslikebasalt.GBFSisproducedwhenmoltenBFSisrapidlyquenchedbyaseriesofhighpressurehighvolumewatersprays.Theseconditionscausetheslagtosolidifybeforecrystallisationisabletooccurcreatingaglassymaterial.GBFSissimilarinappearancetoriversandwithadensityof60-70thatofnaturalsand.GGBFSisproducedwhenGBFSisgroundtocementpowdernenessinaballorverticalrollermillandhasano-whitecolouration.QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsFigure2.4-SFSManufacturingProcess.2.4STEELFURNACESLAGSFSSFSisaco-productoftheconversionprocessofmoltenirontosteelinabasicoxygensteelmakingshopwithinanintegratedsteelworks.Wheretheviolentreactionoccurswithinthevesselaftertheoxygenlanceisloweredaprotectiveslaglayerformswiththeadditionoflime.Whenthereactionhasbeencompletedthesteelandslagareseparatedandmoltenslagispouredintopitswheretheslagiscooledwithwatersspraysafterinitialsolidication.SFShasadarkgreycolourwithaparticledensitythatis20greaterthanbasaltandisdenitivelyharderthanBFS.Thisproductcrushesintoacubicalshapeandhasthepotentialforexpansionifnotadequatelyweathered.Weatheringistypicallyachievedbyperiodicwateringmonitoringandinternalstockpilemanagementprocedures.2.METHODOFMANUFACTURESlagisaco-productofallcommonsteelproductionmethods.Hereitformseitherthroughtheadditionofuxessuchaslimeorastheoxideportionofironore.Thereareanumberofdierentslagtypesproducedwhichisdependentonthesteel-makingprocessused.Table1outlinestypicalphysicalpropertiesofferrousslagproducedinAustralia. Figure2.5-EAFSManufacturingProcess.Table2-QualityAssurancePrinciples.345672.5ELECTRICARCFURNACESLAGEAFS2.6LADLEFURNACESLAGLFS3.TYPICALCHEMICAL2.7CURRENTSTANDARDSRefertoFigure2.5forthediagramofthemanufacturingprocess.LFSisaco-productoftheLadleMetallurgyFurnaceLMFprocesswhichisthereningprocessofliquidsteelsourcedfromtheEAFbutpriortocasting.AftertheEAFSprocesshasoccurredseeFigure2.5andmostoftheEAFSremovedtheliquidsteelistappedfromtheEAFintoaladle.TheladleofliquidsteelisthenalloyedattheLMFtoachievetherequiredchemicalspecications.AfterspecicationisachievedtheliquidsteelispouredoutduringcastingandtheremainingLFSisretainedtobepouredoutseparatelycooledandthenreprocessedtorecovermetallics.ThecompositionofLFSvariesdependingontheEAFladlefurnaceprocessingconditionsandthetypeofsteelgradebeingproduced.QualityassuranceprinciplesasseeninTable2areinplacetoensurethesupplyofhighqualitysafereliableanduniformISSproductstothemarketplace.Underthesestandardsslagproductsareusedtosubstituteorsupplementnaturallywonmaterialstomaximizenaturalresourcesustainabilityminimisewastetolandllandimproveconstructionandmanufacturingprocesses.Asthemoltenslagisproduceditistappeddirectlyintoadjacentpitsandbeginstosolidifyinair.Thisproductthenundergoesafurtherrenementprocesstoremovetheresidualmetallicsandremainingslagwhichisthenseparatedintovariousproductstreams.Asaco-productofthesteelmakingprocessEAFSisproducedinanelectricarcfurnace.IntermsofitsphysicalappearancetheslagisdarkgreyincolourandharderthanBFSwithaparticledensityof20-25greaterthanbasalt.Thisproductcrushesintoacubicalshapeandhasthepotentialforexpansionifnotadequatelyweathered.Weatheringistypicallyachievedbyperiodicwateringmonitoringandinternalstockpilemanagementprocedures.ApplicationPrincipleRoadBaseHeavilyBoundNSWRMSR73andvariousCouncilspecicationsUnboundRMS3051AustroadsARRBSR41andvariousCouncilSpecicationsSelectFillNSWRMS3071andvariousCouncilspecicationsGeneralFillRMSR44andvariousCouncilspecicationsFill3QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsTable3-TypicalChemicalCharacteristics.8ThetypicalchemistryofBFSSFSEAFSandLFSafterappropriateconditioningandweatheringisshowninTable3below.AllISScomplywiththenecessaryguidelinesfortheirchemicalcomposition.ConstituentsasOxidesSymbolBFSSFSEAFSCalciumOxideSiliconOxideMagnesiumOxideAluminumOxidePotassiumOxideVanadiumOxideSulphurChromiumOxideTitaniumOxideMagnesiumOxideIronOxideFreeLimeCaOSiO2MgOAl2O3K2OV2O5SCr2O3TiO2MnOFe2O341356.5140.3 5.CASESTUDIESTherearenumerouscasestudieswhichdemonstratetheeectiveutilisationofslag.ThefollowingcasestudiesareaselectionofrecentprojectswhereISSprovidedsolutionsfortheprojectcontractorproponentorclient.ApplicationAmountofSlagUsedktNorthKiamaBy-PassLakeMacquarieCityCouncilvariousprojectsHunterExpresswayNSWWollongongNorthernDistributorExtensionRTARMSvariousprojectsGreaterNewcastleNSWGosfordCityCouncilvariousprojectsNewEnglandHighwayHarpersHillNSWPrincesHighwayRealignmentOakFlats16580684031221670Table4-CaseStudiesinNSW.4ThroughthesesystemstheAssociationhasbeeninstrumentalinnegotiatingandsecuringvariousexemptionsorapprovalpathwaysforISSmaterialsincludingBlastFurnaceSlagincludingGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagSteelFurnaceSlagElectricArcFurnaceSlagLadleFurnaceSlagTheseexemptionsrepresentasignicantandimportantsteptowardscreatinggreaterinvestmentcertaintyforourindustrymembers.ExemptionsmaybeusedbyanyonewithoutseekingapprovalfromtheEPAprovidedthegeneratorsprocessorsandconsumersfullycomplywiththeconditionsoftheexemption.Howevertheseexemptionsdonotexcusethoseusingthemfromcomplyingwithrelevantplanningconsentrequirementsanditistheirresponsibilitytoseekanynecessarydevelopmentconsentsfromtheappropriateregulatoryauthority.GeneralexemptionsaredevelopedandpublishedbyNSWEPAwithinputfromindustrygroupsformaterialswhichcanberecoveredreprocessedorreused.TheseexemptionscanbeusedwithoutnotifyingthegrantingauthorityprovidedthattheconditionsoftheExemptionaremet.ForexampleconditionsthatareprescribedintheGeneralExemptiongiveguidanceforenduseapplicationssuchasconcrete.Thisisnottomeanonlyconcretebutapplicationsthatresultinboundmatricesforexampleboundpavementproductslikeslagroadbase.Generalexemptionsaregazettedastheybecomeavailableorwhentheexemptionisamendedorrevoked.ResourceRecoveryExemptionscanbeamendedfromtimetotimeandgeneratorsprocessorsorconsumersofwastederivedmaterialsshouldreferencethewebsiteforthelatestversions.CopiesofNSWEPAexemptionsgazzettedforironandsteelslagscanbedownloadedfromhttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auwastegeneralrre.htmInrecentyearsincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalissuesinoursocietyhasimprovedutilisationofslag.Forexamplecarbonreductionopportunitiesthroughtheuseofslaghavebeentriedandtestedasasustainablealternativewhichgivespreferencetothismaterialincomparisontotheuseoftraditionalcementandquarriedresources.1011Whencoupledwithmembercompaniesidentifyingnewopportunitiesforslagproductsinvestmentwillcontinuetoensurethesemarketsarefurtherdeveloped.Figure5.1-NorthernDistributorheadingnorth.5.1CASESTUDY1NORTHERNDISTRIBUTOREXTENSIONBULLINSWIn2009constructioncommencedonthePrincesHighwayNorthernDistributorExtensionlinkingWollongongtothenorthernBulliarea.Themainslagproductusedwasan8020ratioofair-cooledBFSGBFSwith2binder.Inaddition300mmofBFSselectllanda600mmneslayerofaircooledBFSwasusedinthesubbase.BFSroadbasewasthepreferredmaterialproposedundertender.Thismaterialwaspreferredovernaturalequivalentsbecauseofitsreducedcompactiveeortandincreasedlifeexpectancyasaresultofstrengthgainovertime.OvertheperiodofMarch2009untilNovember200940ktofBFSmaterialsuppliedtotheproject.ThismaterialcompliedwithRMSspecicationsR73and3051.QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications OnceagainBFSwasthepreferredmaterialandfromJanuary2005untilOctober2007165ktofBFSstabilizedroadbasewassuppliedwhichcompliedwithRMSspecicationsR73and3051.Figure5.3-Aerialviewofcompletedproject.Figure5.2-Truckunloadingslagmaterialatsite.5.2CASESTUDY2NORTHKIAMABY-PASSSOUTHCOASTNSWTheKiamaby-passcommencedconstructionin2005withasignicantamountofslagusedoveralargearea.Thetypesofslaguseddependedonthespecicareaonwhichtheroadtraversed.Inonesection75mmofaircooledBFSwasusedasadrainagelayer.TheareaclosesttoBombobeachrequired300mmofmodiedroadbasewithan8020ratioofaircooledBFSGBFSwith2binder.5QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications5.3CASESTUDY3HUNTEREXPRESSWAYHEANEWCASTLENSWIn201167ktofslagmaterialwassuppliedtotheHunterExpresswayintheformofheavilyboundpavementandheavilyboundhighloadbearinghardstandmaterial.DuringthisprocesstheSpecicRMSspecicationRN73Ed6BoundPavementCourseSlagorAshbasedandtherelevantEPAwasteregulationspecicexemptionshavebeenconformedto.TheSFSandEAFslagsaresourcedfromthePortKemblaRootyHillandNewcastlesteel-makingoperations.InsummarytheslagmaterialsusedaddedtotheoveralleciencyoftheHunterValleyExpresswayproject.OncedeliveredtothemanufacturingfacilitytheSFSandEAFSisblendedwithotherconstituentmaterialsinacomputercontrolledprocesstoproduceaheavilyboundpavementmaterial.Thestabilisedroadbasematerialisplacedandcompactedusingacombinationofprovencivilconstructionmethodologiesandongoingbestpracticeintheuseofslagbasedmaterialsforcivilconstructionpurposes.ThismaterialhasbeenusedinanumberofapplicationsincludingHeavilyBoundPavementConstructionofnewheavilyboundtracpavementsmeetingRMSspecicationRN73Ed6.MineVoidPlatformsExistingminingvoidsunderneaththeHunterExpresswayalignmentrequiredllingtominimizetheriskofminesubsidence.Slagmaterialisapreferredmaterialtotheemplacementofunboundroadbaseduetotheincreasedproductioncapacityasaferworkingenvironmentforpersonnelonthegroundduetoastablegroundcoveringandadecreasedprogramduetoweathertolerance.AccessTracksandPlatformsforBridgeWorksMostofthe23bridgesuseda200-300mmthicklayerofBFSandSFSstabilisedroadbaseasapilingplatform.Theadvantagesofusingthismaterialincludedecreasedrunoanderosionandminimalcostlypilingdelays.Figure5.4-HeavilyBoundPavement.Figure5.5-HunterExpresswaypilingworksatbridgeBW13onalayerofstabilizedroadbase. 6.CONCLUSIONSIntermsofitscompetitiveadvantagesinrelationtoothermaterialsISSproductshavebeenprovenforuseinvarioustypesofapplicationsincludingcementandconcretemanufacturecivilworksroadconstructionrehabilitationandstabilisationofexistingroadscarparksandpavements.EconomicallyISSarecomparativetoothertraditionalresourcesbutshouldbeassessedonacasebycasebasisgiventheotherperformanceandenvironmentaladvantages.TheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationwillcontinuetoadvocateforthecurrentandpotentialusesofslagproductsaswellasimprovingregulatoryunderstandingofthebenetsarisingfromslaguse.REFERENCES1.httpwww.asa-inc.org.auannual-membership-reports.php20122.AustralasianironsteelSlagAssociation2002AGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoads2ndRevisionWollongongIHGDesignwithamendments3.NSWRMSR73httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsroadworks.html4.NSWRMS3051httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsmaterials.html5.ARRBSR41httpwww.arrb.com.auInformation-servicesPublications.aspx6.NSWRMS3071httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsmaterials.html7.NSWRMSR44httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsroadworks.html2.HeidrichC.2010.Amovetowardslegalcertainty-changingthewasteparadigm6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.8.AustralasianironsteelSlagAssociation2002AGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoads2ndRevisionWollongongIHGDesignp.6withamendments9.HeidrichC.2010.Amovetowardslegalcertainty-changingthewasteparadigm6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.10.HeidrichC.I.Hinczaketal.2006.GGBFSloweringAustraliasgreenhousegasemissionsprole.GlobalSlagConferenceBankokThailandGBC.11.WoodheadA.C.Heidrichetal.2010.AsustainablesupplychainapproachtocreatingnewEAFSproductopportunities.6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.6QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsAUSTRALASIANIRONSTEELSLAGASSOCIATIONSuite2Level1336KeiraStreetWollongongNSW2500AustraliaPOBox1194WollongongNSW2500AustraliaTelephone61242258466Fax61242281777Emailinfoasa-inc.org.au www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1309UpdateCRCforLowCarbonLiving.SlagbasedgeopolymerisalowcarbonalternativetoconventionalPortlandcementconcretehoweveritisyettoenterthemainstreamcommercialapplicationsofconcreteconstruction.TheCooperativeResearchCentreforLowCarbonLivingCRC-LCLprojectonlowcarbonmaterialsisaimedatidentifyingthebarrierstothewidespreadadoptionofslagbasedgeopolymerinindustry.ThemainbarrieridentiedandpresentedrecentlyatConcrete2013httpwww.concrete2013.com.autechnical-programProfMaritaL.BerndtOvercomingBarrierstoImplementationofGeopolymerConcretewasthelackofstandardspecicationsthatincludedthismaterial.IndeeddesignofplainreinforcedandprestressedconcreteincodesandstandardssuchasAS3600implicitlyassumethattheconcreteisbasedonPortlandcement.ThereforeishasbeendeterminedthatthepathwaytoovercomethisbarrieristodevelopaStandardTestMethodsHandbookforLowCarbonConcreteMixDesignthroughStandardsAustraliatoassistengineersandend-usersinspecifyingandusinggeopolymerconcretewithgreatercondenceandlessrisk.IndeedtherapiddepletionofqualitynaturalaggregatequarrysourcesclosetomostmajormetropolitanregionsofAustraliahasemphasisedtheneedtoexplorealternativeeconomicsourcestosupportincreasingvitalinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghousingroadsbridgesschoolsandhospitals.FormoreinformationontheCRCforLowCarbonlivingpleasevisithttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au www.asa-inc.org.au10connectionsNovember13Withover20monthsofnegotiationwithkeyindustrystakeholdersamendmentsweregazettedandapprovedfortheNSWEPAGeneralExemptionforIronandSteelSlagsandtheiruseinCivilandConstructionpurposes.ThemainamendmentsareasfollowsDenitionforcementitiousapplicationsincorporatedwithsignicantlyreducedrestrictionsandreportingrequirementsDenitionfornon-cementitiousapplicationsincorporatedRestrictionsforuseofironandsteelslagsinwaterhavebeenremovedforcementitiousapplicationsOtherminoramendmentsfortestmethodsandLODwhichreducestestingcostsAllotherconditionsfromthe2010Exemptionremainthesame.TheAssociationwouldliketothankourmembersfortheircommitmenttothedraftingandreviewprocess.ThisisyetanotherexampleofDoingTogetherWhatWeCouldNotDoAlone.ToviewtheExemptionvisithttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auwastegeneralrre.htmRecentchangestotheNSWEPAGeneralExemptionforIronandSteelSlagsforCivilandConstructionPurposes.SUCCESS www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1311ThereviewoftheGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoadsiswellunderway.Sinceitscommencementinmid-2012authorshavebeenworkingtirelesslyinthedesignandcompletionofdraftsforeachofthefourQuickReferenceGuidesQRGs.Thisreviewisdesignedtoproducesummarydocumentsforthekeyareasofthe2002editionnottoreplacethisoriginalpublicationasitstillholdssignicantvalue.TherstofthedocumentsQRG1focusesonthegeneralaspectsofdierentslagtypesandapplicationsasthebasisforthecomingdocumentswhichwillfocusspecicallyonStabilisationSFSandEAFS.QRG1andotherpublisheddocumentsareavailableontheASAwebsiteathttpwww.asa-inc.org.auknowledge.phpWewillcontinuetokeepmembersupdatedontheprogressofthisprojectthroughtheNationalTechnicalandEducationCommitteemeetingsheldevery3months-httpwww.asa-inc.org.aucommittee-meeting-schedule.php-aswecontinuetoaddtoourlibraryoftechnicalliteraturewhichbenetsstakeholdersandthegeneralcommunityalike.GuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoadsReviewIntroducingtheQRG. www.asa-inc.org.au12connectionsNovember13JamieNorthaSydneybasedartisttalksabouthisuseofslagasamediuminsculptureandrepresentationsofthebuiltenvironmentinhisInnerrouterandSlagBowlsexhibitionsattheSarahCottierGallery.WhatkindofworkdoyoudoIdosculptureandphotographythattodatehaveinvolvedindigenousplantsinstatesoftransformation.HowdidyougetinvolvedinsculptureIstartedtogetinvolvedinsculptureasawaytoworkthroughsomeideasthatIwashaving.IusedtomakesculptureswhenIwasinschoolthoughleftitbehindandhavecomebacktoitinthepast6years.WhatkindsofmaterialshaveyouusedbeforeIhaveusedmostlyconcreteasamediumwithvariousmixesandaggregates.TheconcretesculpturebecomesahousingforthenativeplantsthatIuseinmyworks.Whatledyoutohaveaninterestinindustrialby-productsco-productsspecicallytheuseofyashandslagasmaterialsIguessmanyroadsledtothis.FlyashandslaghavetraditionallybeenusedinconcretemanufacturesoIwaseagertotrybothoftheseinblendstoachievedesiredoutcomesintermsofnalconcretecompositionthoughalsoenvironmentaloutcomes.WhataspectsofslagdoyoundfavourabletoworkwithIhaveneverbeenabletogetenoughslagtouseastheprimaryaggregateinmyworkthoughfromwhatIhaveexperienceditseemstoperformwell.Myprimaryattractiontoslagisbothaestheticandconceptual.IuseslagasanexposedaggregateasInditattractiveandintriguing.ConceptuallyIaminterestedintheideaofslagbeingamanmadepyroclasticsubstanceandaby-productofhumanactivity.DifferenttypesofslagwillhaveavariationincolourandconsistencydidthiseffectyourselectionofthematerialAbsolutely.IhaveprimarilyworkedwithslagsourcedfromASMSinWollongongandIalwaysfavourslagwithlotsofgasbubbles.ThisisforvisualinterestthoughIalsobelievethatthereisachancethatplantlifewilltaketothisporousslag.Iamalsoveryinterestedinslagwithahighsilicacontentforitsglassyappearancethoughdonotcurrentlyhaveasourceforthis.IfanyonecanhelpoutintermsofsupplyingthisorothertypesofinterestingslagorcoarseashIwouldbeverygrateful.DidyouhaveanydifcultieswhenworkingwithslagNorealdiculty.WhatkindofinspirationormessageareyouportrayinginyourworkIsthereasustainabilityelementIthinkartisbestwhendirectmessagesareavoidedasitallowstheviewerroomtohavetheirownthoughtsaboutthework.Howevermyoriginalmotivationsinmakingthesesculptureswastoemulatethewayinwhichsomespeciesofnativeplantsgrowoutofthemortarofcitybuildingswhichisatestimonytotheirresilience.YourexhibitionInnerouterusedcastconcreteandnativeplantswhatkindsofmanipulationtechniquesdidyouuseTheplantsusedarethosethatwouldnaturallyoccurgrowingonrockthoughtheymustbeestablishedonsomeothergrowingmediumincludedinthesculpturebeforetheycanspreadtoconcrete.Thisistheprimarymanipulationtechnique.WhatwereyourreasonsforincorporatingvariousnativeplantspeciesintoyourworkImpersonallyveryinterestedinnativeplantsandthepossibilitiesaroundthem.Idothinktheyaregreatlyunder-appreciatedandtheyhavealottotellusabouttheplaceinwhichwelive.Iwantedtocelebratethemandgrowtheminawaythatwasunconventionalandchallenging.WasthereanyparticularreasonforshowingboththeexternalandinternalsurfacesofthecastconcreteYes.Ilikethecontrastbetweenthesmoothlifelessouterandthecoarsemoreorganicinnerconcrete.Alsoastheplantsgrowinsidetheworktheyaremorelikelytoadheretothecoarselynishedconcreteratherthanthesmooth.Yourworkwasdescribedasaseriesofidiosyncraticconcretejunglespulledfromthefabricofthelocalurbanenvironmentremindingtheviewerofthosemomentswhenyoucomeacrosssomeplantlifepushingthroughabrokenbitoffootpath.WhatisyourresponsetothiscritiqueIthinkthisisagoodintroductiontothework.FormoreinformationonJamieNorthandhisuseofslagmaterialsvisithttpwww.jamienorth.comSincethisarticlewenttopublicationNorthhasbeenawardedtheNSWVisualArtsFellowshipforEmergingArtistsExhibitionandintendstostudyslagintheUSnextyear.CongratulationsJamieACHATWITHJAMIENORTH PIANCAUSTRALIAWORKSHOPSUSTAINABLEPORTS9-10SEPTEMBER2013PIANCistheglobalorganisationwhichprovidesguidanceandencouragestheuseofsustainablewaterbornetransportinportsandwaterways.Thisorganisationisbothnon-politicalandnon-protandbringstogetherleadinginternationalexpertsontechnicaleconomicandenvironmentalissuesinthiseld.PIANCAustraliasvisionistobetherecognisedleaderinestablishingbestpracticeandstandardsofexcellenceinthesustainabledevelopmentofinfrastructureandoperationsofAustralianportsandwaterways.ThePIANCAustraliaWorkshop-SustainablePortscontinuedagainthisyearonthe9-10September2013.Withconsiderablesuccesssincetheintroductionofthisinitiativethisworkshopattractedinternationalandnationalspeakerstodiscusscurrenttopicalissues.IntermsoftherelevanceofironandsteelslagstheNSWPortAuthorityattendedtheconferencetosharetheirexperiencesofutilisationofslagproductsasdemonstratedinthePortKemblaExpansion.Keycharacteristicssuchaslittletonosettlementcosteciencyandaninterlockingangleofreposesupportedtheuseofover3.5milliontonnesofslagproductsmakingitpreferableoverothernaturallyderivedproducts.ConferencetopicsincludedWG150Report-SustainablePortsApracticalguideforportauthoritiesDredgingforSustainableportsBenecialuseofdredgedmaterialBenecialuseforreclamationofalternativematerialsWG143Report-InitialAssessmentofEnvironmentalEectsofNavigationandInfrastructureprojectsRegulatoryConsiderationsApprovalsLicencesandConditionsOsetsandEcologicalRestorationClimateChangeImpactsAdaptionandMitigationFormoreinformationonPIANCAustraliapleasevisithttppianc.org.auwww.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1313 TheUSNationalSlagAssociationhelditsregionalmeetingatthenewCaterpillarVisitorCenterinPeoriaonMarch19-20withattendeesrepresentingacross-sectionofsteelproducersslagprocessorsequipmentmanufacturersandserviceprovidersgatheringtodiscusssafetyinnovationsenvironmentalissuesregulatorytrendsandnewequipment.AmongthetopicswereindustrygoverningbodiesbestpracticesareviewofEPAlegislationandfugitivedustmanagement.Mostdiscussionsweredominatedbysafetyandenvironmentalcontent.Theeventwasattendedbyover50activeandalliedNSAmembersincludingorganizationsthatareactivelyengagedinironandsteelslagprocessingreningandorthemarketingoftheseslagsaswellasthoseinvolvedinrelatedactivitiessuchasmanufacturersandusersofironandsteelslags.SponsoredandhostedbyNSAmemberDustControlTechnologythemeetingwasheldattheexpansiveCaterpillarVisitorCenterontheIllinoisRiver.Thefacilityprovidesafascinatinglookatthecompanyequipmentandpeoplemakingsustainableprogresspossiblearoundtheworld.FeaturedprojectsincludedCaterpillarsroleinbuildingSanFranciscosfamedcablecarsystemconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDaminChinaandthewideningofthePanamaCanal.DCTVicePresidentAaronValencicpointedoutthatsafetywasalwaysaprimarytopicatthemeetings.ThesteelindustrydoesnthaveagoverningbodysuchastheminingindustryhasinMSHAheexplained.AndOSHAreallyisntcomprehensiveenoughtocoverallsteelindustryactivity.ForthatreasonNSAconsiderspartofitsmissiontobeforminggroupstodevelopbestpracticesandreduceworkplacehazards.WorkingcloselywithsisterAssociationsacrosstheglobeoverthepastfewyearsNSAhasalsoenteredintoanocialalliancewiththeseassociationsundertheWorldofIronandSteelSlag-NetworkorWoISS.NetworkmembersincludeAustralasianironandsteelSlagAssociationASABrazilianSteelCo-ProductsCenterCCACanadianSlagAssociationCSAEUROSLAGNationalSlagAssociationNSANipponSlagAssociationJSATheorganizationcurrentlyhostedbytheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationconductssixmonthlyconferencecallsaspartofannualmeetingshostedbymemberassociations.VisittheASAwebsiteformoreinformationonthisalliancehttpwww.asa-inc.org.aumembership-woiss.phpFormoreinformationontheUSNationalSlagAssociationNSAvisithttpwww.nationalslag.orgUSNationalSlagAssociationREGIONALMEETINGATCATERPILLARVISITORCENTRE.www.asa-inc.org.au14connectionsNovember13 www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1315TheConcreteInstituteofAustraliasBiennialNationalConferenceConcrete2013washeldattheGoldCoastConventionandExhibitionCentreGoldCoastQueenslandfrom16to18October2013.Conferencehighlightsincluded5keynotespeakers75sessions15awardposters480registrantsnetworkinglisteningandlearningfromthebestintheeld44exhibitingcompanies11sponsorsThebroadthemeoftheconferencewasUnderstandingConcretecoveringmaterialsresearchdesignconstructionandinnovation.Theconferenceprovidedaforumforthesharingofideasandexperiencethroughformalpresentationsindustrydisplaysandinformalcontactbetweendelegates.Itwastheconcreteindustryspre-eminenttechnicalandsocialeventintheSouthernHemispherefor2013.ThetechnicalprogramwasofvaluetopracticingCivilandStructuralEngineersEngineeringAcademicsConcreteProductManufacturersCivilandBuildingContractorsDevelopersGovernmentDepartmentscoveringTransportRoadsRailwaysandPublicWorksandLocalGovernmentShiresandCouncils.Oneofthemainthemesthatarosefromthisconferencewasthegrowingpopularityofslagmaterialsandtheiruseingeopolymers.ThisproductwasrepresentedinanumberofsessionsincludingStructuresResearchandApplications5SessionsConcreteMaterialsandPerformance3SessionsandGeopolymerConcrete3Sessions.Thisindicatesyetanotherinnovativeeldforthecontinuedbenecialutilisationofironandsteelslagproducts.TheAssociationreceivedapositiveresponsefromConferencedelegatesandfellowexhibitors.Therewereanumberofenquiriesrangingfrommembershipinterestobtainingsamplesforresearchprogramstogeneralinterestinouraimsandactivities.TheseeventsareimportanttotheeducationandtechnicalfoundationsoftheAssociationbecauseitbringsmemberstogetherwithotherindustrystakeholderstoencourageknowledgetransfer.Concrete2015willbeheldfrom30Augustuntil2September2015atthePullmanAlbertParkMelbourne.Formoreinformationvisithttpconcrete2015.com.auhttpconcrete2015.com.auConcrete2013 ViewsexpressedinConnectionsnewsletterdonotnecessarilyreecttheopinionoftheAustralasianSlagAssociation.Allcontributionsarewelcomedthoughthepublisherreservestherighttodeclineoreditforstylegrammarlengthandlegalreasons.SUBSCRIBETOwww.asa-inc.org.auwww.asa-inc.org.au16connectionsNovember13BackinAugusttheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationattendedtheASCP2013ConcretePavementsConferenceattheAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumDarlingHarbourSydney.ThisonedaytechnicaleventaimedtoprovidetheindustrywithcurrentandrelevantinformationaboutconcretepavementdesignconstructionmaterialsandequipmentfromwithinAustraliaandinternationally.AdditionallytheMuseumlocationprovidedaninterestingvenuewithaccesstoalargenumberofmaritimehistoricalartifacts.With10internationalanddomestictechnicalpresentationscoupledwithanumberofdiscussionsessionsthisConferenceoereddelegatestailoredinformationonspecictopicsandtheopportunitytodiscussconceptsandideaswithpresentersandcolleaguesalike.TheAssociationencouragesmemberstoattendsucheventsastheyaordavaluabletechnicalandprofessionalnetworkingopportunityinindustryrelatedelds.WelookforwardtothenextASCPconferencein2015.FormoreinformationontheASCPpleasevisithttpwww.concretepavements.com.auDefault.aspxAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsASCP
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CONTENTS1.Editorial2.MemberEmployeeProfle-EliotWeinerASMS3.ASAQuickReerenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications9.UpdateCRCorLowCarbonLiving10.SUCCESSRecentchangestotheNSWEPAGeneralExemption11.GuidetotheUseoIronandSteelSlaginRoadsReview12.AchatwithJaimeNorth13.PIANCAustraliaWorkshop14.USANationalSlagAssociation15.ConerenceReportConcrete201316.ConerenceReportAustralianSocietyoConcretePavementsASCP13CONNECTIONSEDITORIALTEAMConnectionsispublishedbytheASATheAustralasianIronSteelSlagAssociationWollongongNSW2500Ph0242258466Fax0242281777Emailinoasa-inc.org.auWebwww.asa-inc.org.auExecutiveDirectorCraigHeidrichEditorOliviaYeatmanContributorsOliviaYeatmanCraigHeidrichCarolWilsonEliotWeinerArnaudCastelJamieNorthTrevorBrownRickFelde.Connectionsisaquarterlypublicationwithanonlinecirculationo1500copiesTHISISSUEMembersoftheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationASAcouldbecharacterisedasresilientstoutirrepressibleandanumberofotheradjectivesbutingeneraltheyareprettyhardy.Inthisissuewecelebrateanumberofincrementalachievementsmadeinthesecondhalfof2013.WehavehadsomethingtocelebratewithaseriesofamendmentstotheNSWEPAExemptionsforvariousironandsteelslagsgazettedon1July2013whichfurtherattestthebenecialandsafeapplicationsofslag.Theseimportantamendmentsprovidefurthercertaintytoindustrymembersinsupportoftheireconomicpursuitsasanincreasinglypredominantaspectintodayscompetitiveenvironment.TheCRCforLowCarbonLivinghttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.auprovidesanalternativelensinwhichtoperceiveAssociationmemberswhereinsteadofcomparingourselvestoothermainstreamcompetitorsperhapsweshouldtakeadierentapproachandlooktohowwecandistinguishourselvesfromthemajorityasinnovatorsrunningourownrace.Inthiseditionwefocusontwoindividualsthathighlightthediversityofparticipantswithintheslagindustry.EliotWeinerBusinessDevelopmentManagerforAustralianSteelMillServicesASMSprovidesaninsightintohisinvolvementinthefamilybusinessandmovingfromtheUStoAustralia.ArtistJamieNorthtalksabouthissculptureswhicharemadefromslagmaterialsandthewayinwhichtheyseektodemonstratethebuiltenvironment.Bothofthesestakeholdersdemonstratethevariedapplicationsofslagandthetypesofbusinessparticipantswhoseektocontinuallyinnovate.EditorialTheRoadsGuideReviewprojecthasbeenprogressingwellwiththerstQuickReferenceGuideRoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsincludedinthiseditionofConnections.Authorscontinuetoworkhardtoproducethesedocumentswiththenextexpectedforcompletioninmid-2014.ThecontributionofothermembersduringtheMemberReviewprocessisalsomuchappreciatedasthisaddstothetechnicalvalidityofthedocuments.IntermsofindustryeventstheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationhassponsoredandattendedtheConcrete2013httpwww.concreteinstitute.com.auandtheAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementshttpwww.concretepavements.com.auconferencesbothprovidingbenecialnetworkingandmembergenerationopportunitiesfortheAssociationnetwork.TherearealsofutureeventstolookforwardtowiththeConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014scheduledfor3-6September2014withafocusonBuildingProductivity.MembersareencouragedtoattendandsupporttheirindustryadvocateinactionanddetailedConferenceReportsareprovidedlaterinthisedition.FinallyitseemstocomearoundfastereveryyearbuttheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationwouldagainliketowishitsmembersasafeandhappyChristmasholidayperiodandwelookforwardtoworkingwithyoutofurtherironandsteelslagutilisationin2014.Vol11Issue2November2013connectionsNovember1301 www.asa-inc.org.au02connectionsNovember13MEMBEREMPLOYEEPROFILEEliotWeinerBusinessDevelopmentManagerforAustralianSteelMillServicesASMSprovidesabriefinsightintohisexperiencesofthefamilybusinesslifeintheUSandmovingtoAustraliawithhisfamily.HowdidyougetinvolvedwithASMSMyfamilyhasbeenociallyinvolvedintheslagbusinesssince1922whenEdLevySr.struckahandshakedealwithHenryFordtobegintruckingslagfromtheRougeSteelMill.MyFatherEvanWeinerhelpedstartASMSnearly25yearsagoandIamhonouredtojoinASMSandourstrongtraditionasleadersoftheslagindustry.WhileIamlearningmoreaboutthebusinesseverydayyoucouldsaymyfamilyshistoryisasoldastheindustryitself.WhereelsehaveyoubeenemployedAftergraduationIjoinedaFortune500distributioncompanyastheGeneralManagerofanewBusinessDevelopmentGroupfocusedonhelpingourclientswinlargepublicsectorcontracts.Asateamwewereabletogrowthisstartupto100millionperannuminjustafewyears.PriortoLevyIworkedforOldcastleMaterialsinquarriesandroadconstructionlearningthefoundationalelementsofcrushingscreeningandprojectmanagement.AftercompletingOldcastlesManagementDevelopmentProgramIelectedtogetanMBAattheTippieSchoolofManagementwhereIwastheMBAPresident.IrstjoinedtheLevyGroupofCompaniesastheDirectorofFlameandTechnologicalServicesrunningIndianaFlameServiceIFSwhichprovidepatentedslabcuttingandconditioningtothesteelindustry.Thiswasmyintroductiontothesteelindustryandtothesteelmillservicebusinessanditwasarewardingone.ThroughthisexperienceIlearnedthatourpeoplearethepillarofourbusinessandIenjoyedsupportingtheIFSteaminprovidingworldclassservicestothelargeststeelmillsintheUSA.WhatisyourolewithASMSImovedwithmywifefromChicagoinJuly2013tomanagebusinessanddevelopmentforASMS.Therolewillbeaccountableforgrowingandcreatingmarketsforslagproductsandimprovingthequalityanddeliveryofourproductsinordertoexceedcustomerexpectations.ELIOTWEINER 1QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsDuringthe1990seectiveutilisationofISSremainedat30-40.Howevercurrentutilizationrestsataround85illustratingchangingparadigmsintheactivereuseoftheseproducts.CollaboratingthroughtheAssociationindoingtogetherwhatwecouldnotdoalonewehavebroadenedbothstakeholderandcommunityunderstanding.Thisnowextendstomaterialusersspecicallythoseinroadconstructionwhichhasledtofurtherincreasesineectiveutilisation.Slagco-productsaretheresultofhighlycontrolledsteel-makingprocesses.Thereforethesematerialscarrythesamelevelofqualityastheresultoftheseprocesscontrolswhichensuretheconsistencyofslagchemistryandquality.Thetypesofslagcoveredinthisguideare1BlastFurnaceSlagBFSi.GranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagGBFSii.GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagGGBFS2SteelFurnaceSlagSFS3ElectricArcFurnaceSlagEAFS4LadleFurnaceSlagLFS1.INTRODUCTIONThecontinuingneedtopreservediminishingnaturalresourcesandincreasesustainablepracticesisafundamentaltenetinbusinesstoday.Thishaspredominantlyoccurredthroughthepromotionofincreasedreuserecyclingandreprocessing.Heredisposalhasbecomethelastresortandisanissueofgreatimportanceinoursociety.ThisfocusontheimportanceofpreservationandresourcerecoveryissupportedbyinternationalfederalstateandlocalGovernmentswithrespectiveregulatingauthoritiesempoweredtoensurethesesustainablegoalsaremetthrougheectivepolicyimplementation.TheuseofironandsteelslagsISSbeingaco-productofironandsteelproductionarepredominantinroadconstructionandmaintenanceapplications.Theselarge-scaleapplicationsprovideforthelarge-scalerecoveryofanabundantproductwhichdemonstratesthegoalsofsustainability.WiththeformationoftheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationin1990therehasbeenanumberofsignicantchangesandadvancesintheeectiveutilisationofslagmaterials.Eectiveutilisationistheuseofslagmaterialsinaproductiveoreconomicallybenecialwaywhichdoesnotrequiredisposalaslandll.ThevastmajorityofISSproducedinAustraliaissoldforuseintodaysmarket.1Forexamplein201088percentofthe2.67milliontonnesMtofISSproducedwaseectivelyutilisedwithinvariousvalueaddedcivilandconstructionmaterialapplicationsthroughoutAustralasia.ThekeyresultsincludeTable1-Typicalvaluesforthephysicalpropertiesofironandsteelmakingslags.2PhysicalProperty-AggregateBlastFurnaceSlagSteelSlagTestMethodBOSSlagEAFSlagRockSlagNote-OMCdependsonthecomponentsofthemix.LAAbrasionPolishedAggregateFrictionValuePAFVSodiumSulfateSoundnessPhysicalProperty-20mmRoadbaseMaximumDryDensitykgmOptimumMoistureContent1.2100901054050 2Figure2.1-BFSManufacturingProcess.Figure2.2-GBFSManufacturingProcess.Figure2.3-GGBFSManufacturingProcess.2.1BLASTFURNACESLAGBFS2.2GRANULATEDBLASTFURNACESLAGGBFS2.3GROUNDGRANULATEDBLASTFURNACESLAGGGBFSBFSisproducedwhenironoreisreducedtoironinablastfurnace.Moltenslagfromthefurnaceispouredintopitsandallowedtocoolinair.Rocklikemineralsareformedwhicharethencrushedandscreenedtoseparatethemintoaggregatesandsands.Aircooledblastfurnaceslagmaterialsaregreyvesicularrocksslightlylighterinweightthannaturalmaterialslikebasalt.GBFSisproducedwhenmoltenBFSisrapidlyquenchedbyaseriesofhighpressurehighvolumewatersprays.Theseconditionscausetheslagtosolidifybeforecrystallisationisabletooccurcreatingaglassymaterial.GBFSissimilarinappearancetoriversandwithadensityof60-70thatofnaturalsand.GGBFSisproducedwhenGBFSisgroundtocementpowdernenessinaballorverticalrollermillandhasano-whitecolouration.QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsFigure2.4-SFSManufacturingProcess.2.4STEELFURNACESLAGSFSSFSisaco-productoftheconversionprocessofmoltenirontosteelinabasicoxygensteelmakingshopwithinanintegratedsteelworks.Wheretheviolentreactionoccurswithinthevesselaftertheoxygenlanceisloweredaprotectiveslaglayerformswiththeadditionoflime.Whenthereactionhasbeencompletedthesteelandslagareseparatedandmoltenslagispouredintopitswheretheslagiscooledwithwatersspraysafterinitialsolidication.SFShasadarkgreycolourwithaparticledensitythatis20greaterthanbasaltandisdenitivelyharderthanBFS.Thisproductcrushesintoacubicalshapeandhasthepotentialforexpansionifnotadequatelyweathered.Weatheringistypicallyachievedbyperiodicwateringmonitoringandinternalstockpilemanagementprocedures.2.METHODOFMANUFACTURESlagisaco-productofallcommonsteelproductionmethods.Hereitformseitherthroughtheadditionofuxessuchaslimeorastheoxideportionofironore.Thereareanumberofdierentslagtypesproducedwhichisdependentonthesteel-makingprocessused.Table1outlinestypicalphysicalpropertiesofferrousslagproducedinAustralia. Figure2.5-EAFSManufacturingProcess.Table2-QualityAssurancePrinciples.345672.5ELECTRICARCFURNACESLAGEAFS2.6LADLEFURNACESLAGLFS3.TYPICALCHEMICAL2.7CURRENTSTANDARDSRefertoFigure2.5forthediagramofthemanufacturingprocess.LFSisaco-productoftheLadleMetallurgyFurnaceLMFprocesswhichisthereningprocessofliquidsteelsourcedfromtheEAFbutpriortocasting.AftertheEAFSprocesshasoccurredseeFigure2.5andmostoftheEAFSremovedtheliquidsteelistappedfromtheEAFintoaladle.TheladleofliquidsteelisthenalloyedattheLMFtoachievetherequiredchemicalspecications.AfterspecicationisachievedtheliquidsteelispouredoutduringcastingandtheremainingLFSisretainedtobepouredoutseparatelycooledandthenreprocessedtorecovermetallics.ThecompositionofLFSvariesdependingontheEAFladlefurnaceprocessingconditionsandthetypeofsteelgradebeingproduced.QualityassuranceprinciplesasseeninTable2areinplacetoensurethesupplyofhighqualitysafereliableanduniformISSproductstothemarketplace.Underthesestandardsslagproductsareusedtosubstituteorsupplementnaturallywonmaterialstomaximizenaturalresourcesustainabilityminimisewastetolandllandimproveconstructionandmanufacturingprocesses.Asthemoltenslagisproduceditistappeddirectlyintoadjacentpitsandbeginstosolidifyinair.Thisproductthenundergoesafurtherrenementprocesstoremovetheresidualmetallicsandremainingslagwhichisthenseparatedintovariousproductstreams.Asaco-productofthesteelmakingprocessEAFSisproducedinanelectricarcfurnace.IntermsofitsphysicalappearancetheslagisdarkgreyincolourandharderthanBFSwithaparticledensityof20-25greaterthanbasalt.Thisproductcrushesintoacubicalshapeandhasthepotentialforexpansionifnotadequatelyweathered.Weatheringistypicallyachievedbyperiodicwateringmonitoringandinternalstockpilemanagementprocedures.ApplicationPrincipleRoadBaseHeavilyBoundNSWRMSR73andvariousCouncilspecicationsUnboundRMS3051AustroadsARRBSR41andvariousCouncilSpecicationsSelectFillNSWRMS3071andvariousCouncilspecicationsGeneralFillRMSR44andvariousCouncilspecicationsFill3QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsTable3-TypicalChemicalCharacteristics.8ThetypicalchemistryofBFSSFSEAFSandLFSafterappropriateconditioningandweatheringisshowninTable3below.AllISScomplywiththenecessaryguidelinesfortheirchemicalcomposition.ConstituentsasOxidesSymbolBFSSFSEAFSCalciumOxideSiliconOxideMagnesiumOxideAluminumOxidePotassiumOxideVanadiumOxideSulphurChromiumOxideTitaniumOxideMagnesiumOxideIronOxideFreeLimeCaOSiO2MgOAl2O3K2OV2O5SCr2O3TiO2MnOFe2O341356.5140.3 5.CASESTUDIESTherearenumerouscasestudieswhichdemonstratetheeectiveutilisationofslag.ThefollowingcasestudiesareaselectionofrecentprojectswhereISSprovidedsolutionsfortheprojectcontractorproponentorclient.ApplicationAmountofSlagUsedktNorthKiamaBy-PassLakeMacquarieCityCouncilvariousprojectsHunterExpresswayNSWWollongongNorthernDistributorExtensionRTARMSvariousprojectsGreaterNewcastleNSWGosfordCityCouncilvariousprojectsNewEnglandHighwayHarpersHillNSWPrincesHighwayRealignmentOakFlats16580684031221670Table4-CaseStudiesinNSW.4ThroughthesesystemstheAssociationhasbeeninstrumentalinnegotiatingandsecuringvariousexemptionsorapprovalpathwaysforISSmaterialsincludingBlastFurnaceSlagincludingGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagSteelFurnaceSlagElectricArcFurnaceSlagLadleFurnaceSlagTheseexemptionsrepresentasignicantandimportantsteptowardscreatinggreaterinvestmentcertaintyforourindustrymembers.ExemptionsmaybeusedbyanyonewithoutseekingapprovalfromtheEPAprovidedthegeneratorsprocessorsandconsumersfullycomplywiththeconditionsoftheexemption.Howevertheseexemptionsdonotexcusethoseusingthemfromcomplyingwithrelevantplanningconsentrequirementsanditistheirresponsibilitytoseekanynecessarydevelopmentconsentsfromtheappropriateregulatoryauthority.GeneralexemptionsaredevelopedandpublishedbyNSWEPAwithinputfromindustrygroupsformaterialswhichcanberecoveredreprocessedorreused.TheseexemptionscanbeusedwithoutnotifyingthegrantingauthorityprovidedthattheconditionsoftheExemptionaremet.ForexampleconditionsthatareprescribedintheGeneralExemptiongiveguidanceforenduseapplicationssuchasconcrete.Thisisnottomeanonlyconcretebutapplicationsthatresultinboundmatricesforexampleboundpavementproductslikeslagroadbase.Generalexemptionsaregazettedastheybecomeavailableorwhentheexemptionisamendedorrevoked.ResourceRecoveryExemptionscanbeamendedfromtimetotimeandgeneratorsprocessorsorconsumersofwastederivedmaterialsshouldreferencethewebsiteforthelatestversions.CopiesofNSWEPAexemptionsgazzettedforironandsteelslagscanbedownloadedfromhttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auwastegeneralrre.htmInrecentyearsincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalissuesinoursocietyhasimprovedutilisationofslag.Forexamplecarbonreductionopportunitiesthroughtheuseofslaghavebeentriedandtestedasasustainablealternativewhichgivespreferencetothismaterialincomparisontotheuseoftraditionalcementandquarriedresources.1011Whencoupledwithmembercompaniesidentifyingnewopportunitiesforslagproductsinvestmentwillcontinuetoensurethesemarketsarefurtherdeveloped.Figure5.1-NorthernDistributorheadingnorth.5.1CASESTUDY1NORTHERNDISTRIBUTOREXTENSIONBULLINSWIn2009constructioncommencedonthePrincesHighwayNorthernDistributorExtensionlinkingWollongongtothenorthernBulliarea.Themainslagproductusedwasan8020ratioofair-cooledBFSGBFSwith2binder.Inaddition300mmofBFSselectllanda600mmneslayerofaircooledBFSwasusedinthesubbase.BFSroadbasewasthepreferredmaterialproposedundertender.Thismaterialwaspreferredovernaturalequivalentsbecauseofitsreducedcompactiveeortandincreasedlifeexpectancyasaresultofstrengthgainovertime.OvertheperiodofMarch2009untilNovember200940ktofBFSmaterialsuppliedtotheproject.ThismaterialcompliedwithRMSspecicationsR73and3051.QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications OnceagainBFSwasthepreferredmaterialandfromJanuary2005untilOctober2007165ktofBFSstabilizedroadbasewassuppliedwhichcompliedwithRMSspecicationsR73and3051.Figure5.3-Aerialviewofcompletedproject.Figure5.2-Truckunloadingslagmaterialatsite.5.2CASESTUDY2NORTHKIAMABY-PASSSOUTHCOASTNSWTheKiamaby-passcommencedconstructionin2005withasignicantamountofslagusedoveralargearea.Thetypesofslaguseddependedonthespecicareaonwhichtheroadtraversed.Inonesection75mmofaircooledBFSwasusedasadrainagelayer.TheareaclosesttoBombobeachrequired300mmofmodiedroadbasewithan8020ratioofaircooledBFSGBFSwith2binder.5QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications5.3CASESTUDY3HUNTEREXPRESSWAYHEANEWCASTLENSWIn201167ktofslagmaterialwassuppliedtotheHunterExpresswayintheformofheavilyboundpavementandheavilyboundhighloadbearinghardstandmaterial.DuringthisprocesstheSpecicRMSspecicationRN73Ed6BoundPavementCourseSlagorAshbasedandtherelevantEPAwasteregulationspecicexemptionshavebeenconformedto.TheSFSandEAFslagsaresourcedfromthePortKemblaRootyHillandNewcastlesteel-makingoperations.InsummarytheslagmaterialsusedaddedtotheoveralleciencyoftheHunterValleyExpresswayproject.OncedeliveredtothemanufacturingfacilitytheSFSandEAFSisblendedwithotherconstituentmaterialsinacomputercontrolledprocesstoproduceaheavilyboundpavementmaterial.Thestabilisedroadbasematerialisplacedandcompactedusingacombinationofprovencivilconstructionmethodologiesandongoingbestpracticeintheuseofslagbasedmaterialsforcivilconstructionpurposes.ThismaterialhasbeenusedinanumberofapplicationsincludingHeavilyBoundPavementConstructionofnewheavilyboundtracpavementsmeetingRMSspecicationRN73Ed6.MineVoidPlatformsExistingminingvoidsunderneaththeHunterExpresswayalignmentrequiredllingtominimizetheriskofminesubsidence.Slagmaterialisapreferredmaterialtotheemplacementofunboundroadbaseduetotheincreasedproductioncapacityasaferworkingenvironmentforpersonnelonthegroundduetoastablegroundcoveringandadecreasedprogramduetoweathertolerance.AccessTracksandPlatformsforBridgeWorksMostofthe23bridgesuseda200-300mmthicklayerofBFSandSFSstabilisedroadbaseasapilingplatform.Theadvantagesofusingthismaterialincludedecreasedrunoanderosionandminimalcostlypilingdelays.Figure5.4-HeavilyBoundPavement.Figure5.5-HunterExpresswaypilingworksatbridgeBW13onalayerofstabilizedroadbase. 6.CONCLUSIONSIntermsofitscompetitiveadvantagesinrelationtoothermaterialsISSproductshavebeenprovenforuseinvarioustypesofapplicationsincludingcementandconcretemanufacturecivilworksroadconstructionrehabilitationandstabilisationofexistingroadscarparksandpavements.EconomicallyISSarecomparativetoothertraditionalresourcesbutshouldbeassessedonacasebycasebasisgiventheotherperformanceandenvironmentaladvantages.TheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationwillcontinuetoadvocateforthecurrentandpotentialusesofslagproductsaswellasimprovingregulatoryunderstandingofthebenetsarisingfromslaguse.REFERENCES1.httpwww.asa-inc.org.auannual-membership-reports.php20122.AustralasianironsteelSlagAssociation2002AGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoads2ndRevisionWollongongIHGDesignwithamendments3.NSWRMSR73httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsroadworks.html4.NSWRMS3051httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsmaterials.html5.ARRBSR41httpwww.arrb.com.auInformation-servicesPublications.aspx6.NSWRMS3071httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsmaterials.html7.NSWRMSR44httpwww.rms.nsw.gov.audoingbusinesswithusspecicationsroadworks.html2.HeidrichC.2010.Amovetowardslegalcertainty-changingthewasteparadigm6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.8.AustralasianironsteelSlagAssociation2002AGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoads2ndRevisionWollongongIHGDesignp.6withamendments9.HeidrichC.2010.Amovetowardslegalcertainty-changingthewasteparadigm6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.10.HeidrichC.I.Hinczaketal.2006.GGBFSloweringAustraliasgreenhousegasemissionsprole.GlobalSlagConferenceBankokThailandGBC.11.WoodheadA.C.Heidrichetal.2010.AsustainablesupplychainapproachtocreatingnewEAFSproductopportunities.6thGlobalSlagConferenceandExhibitionSydneyProPublications.6QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplicationsAUSTRALASIANIRONSTEELSLAGASSOCIATIONSuite2Level1336KeiraStreetWollongongNSW2500AustraliaPOBox1194WollongongNSW2500AustraliaTelephone61242258466Fax61242281777Emailinfoasa-inc.org.au www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1309UpdateCRCforLowCarbonLiving.SlagbasedgeopolymerisalowcarbonalternativetoconventionalPortlandcementconcretehoweveritisyettoenterthemainstreamcommercialapplicationsofconcreteconstruction.TheCooperativeResearchCentreforLowCarbonLivingCRC-LCLprojectonlowcarbonmaterialsisaimedatidentifyingthebarrierstothewidespreadadoptionofslagbasedgeopolymerinindustry.ThemainbarrieridentiedandpresentedrecentlyatConcrete2013httpwww.concrete2013.com.autechnical-programProfMaritaL.BerndtOvercomingBarrierstoImplementationofGeopolymerConcretewasthelackofstandardspecicationsthatincludedthismaterial.IndeeddesignofplainreinforcedandprestressedconcreteincodesandstandardssuchasAS3600implicitlyassumethattheconcreteisbasedonPortlandcement.ThereforeishasbeendeterminedthatthepathwaytoovercomethisbarrieristodevelopaStandardTestMethodsHandbookforLowCarbonConcreteMixDesignthroughStandardsAustraliatoassistengineersandend-usersinspecifyingandusinggeopolymerconcretewithgreatercondenceandlessrisk.IndeedtherapiddepletionofqualitynaturalaggregatequarrysourcesclosetomostmajormetropolitanregionsofAustraliahasemphasisedtheneedtoexplorealternativeeconomicsourcestosupportincreasingvitalinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghousingroadsbridgesschoolsandhospitals.FormoreinformationontheCRCforLowCarbonlivingpleasevisithttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au www.asa-inc.org.au10connectionsNovember13Withover20monthsofnegotiationwithkeyindustrystakeholdersamendmentsweregazettedandapprovedfortheNSWEPAGeneralExemptionforIronandSteelSlagsandtheiruseinCivilandConstructionpurposes.ThemainamendmentsareasfollowsDenitionforcementitiousapplicationsincorporatedwithsignicantlyreducedrestrictionsandreportingrequirementsDenitionfornon-cementitiousapplicationsincorporatedRestrictionsforuseofironandsteelslagsinwaterhavebeenremovedforcementitiousapplicationsOtherminoramendmentsfortestmethodsandLODwhichreducestestingcostsAllotherconditionsfromthe2010Exemptionremainthesame.TheAssociationwouldliketothankourmembersfortheircommitmenttothedraftingandreviewprocess.ThisisyetanotherexampleofDoingTogetherWhatWeCouldNotDoAlone.ToviewtheExemptionvisithttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auwastegeneralrre.htmRecentchangestotheNSWEPAGeneralExemptionforIronandSteelSlagsforCivilandConstructionPurposes.SUCCESS www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1311ThereviewoftheGuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoadsiswellunderway.Sinceitscommencementinmid-2012authorshavebeenworkingtirelesslyinthedesignandcompletionofdraftsforeachofthefourQuickReferenceGuidesQRGs.Thisreviewisdesignedtoproducesummarydocumentsforthekeyareasofthe2002editionnottoreplacethisoriginalpublicationasitstillholdssignicantvalue.TherstofthedocumentsQRG1focusesonthegeneralaspectsofdierentslagtypesandapplicationsasthebasisforthecomingdocumentswhichwillfocusspecicallyonStabilisationSFSandEAFS.QRG1andotherpublisheddocumentsareavailableontheASAwebsiteathttpwww.asa-inc.org.auknowledge.phpWewillcontinuetokeepmembersupdatedontheprogressofthisprojectthroughtheNationalTechnicalandEducationCommitteemeetingsheldevery3months-httpwww.asa-inc.org.aucommittee-meeting-schedule.php-aswecontinuetoaddtoourlibraryoftechnicalliteraturewhichbenetsstakeholdersandthegeneralcommunityalike.GuidetotheUseofIronandSteelSlaginRoadsReviewIntroducingtheQRG. www.asa-inc.org.au12connectionsNovember13JamieNorthaSydneybasedartisttalksabouthisuseofslagasamediuminsculptureandrepresentationsofthebuiltenvironmentinhisInnerrouterandSlagBowlsexhibitionsattheSarahCottierGallery.WhatkindofworkdoyoudoIdosculptureandphotographythattodatehaveinvolvedindigenousplantsinstatesoftransformation.HowdidyougetinvolvedinsculptureIstartedtogetinvolvedinsculptureasawaytoworkthroughsomeideasthatIwashaving.IusedtomakesculptureswhenIwasinschoolthoughleftitbehindandhavecomebacktoitinthepast6years.WhatkindsofmaterialshaveyouusedbeforeIhaveusedmostlyconcreteasamediumwithvariousmixesandaggregates.TheconcretesculpturebecomesahousingforthenativeplantsthatIuseinmyworks.Whatledyoutohaveaninterestinindustrialby-productsco-productsspecicallytheuseofyashandslagasmaterialsIguessmanyroadsledtothis.FlyashandslaghavetraditionallybeenusedinconcretemanufacturesoIwaseagertotrybothoftheseinblendstoachievedesiredoutcomesintermsofnalconcretecompositionthoughalsoenvironmentaloutcomes.WhataspectsofslagdoyoundfavourabletoworkwithIhaveneverbeenabletogetenoughslagtouseastheprimaryaggregateinmyworkthoughfromwhatIhaveexperienceditseemstoperformwell.Myprimaryattractiontoslagisbothaestheticandconceptual.IuseslagasanexposedaggregateasInditattractiveandintriguing.ConceptuallyIaminterestedintheideaofslagbeingamanmadepyroclasticsubstanceandaby-productofhumanactivity.DifferenttypesofslagwillhaveavariationincolourandconsistencydidthiseffectyourselectionofthematerialAbsolutely.IhaveprimarilyworkedwithslagsourcedfromASMSinWollongongandIalwaysfavourslagwithlotsofgasbubbles.ThisisforvisualinterestthoughIalsobelievethatthereisachancethatplantlifewilltaketothisporousslag.Iamalsoveryinterestedinslagwithahighsilicacontentforitsglassyappearancethoughdonotcurrentlyhaveasourceforthis.IfanyonecanhelpoutintermsofsupplyingthisorothertypesofinterestingslagorcoarseashIwouldbeverygrateful.DidyouhaveanydifcultieswhenworkingwithslagNorealdiculty.WhatkindofinspirationormessageareyouportrayinginyourworkIsthereasustainabilityelementIthinkartisbestwhendirectmessagesareavoidedasitallowstheviewerroomtohavetheirownthoughtsaboutthework.Howevermyoriginalmotivationsinmakingthesesculptureswastoemulatethewayinwhichsomespeciesofnativeplantsgrowoutofthemortarofcitybuildingswhichisatestimonytotheirresilience.YourexhibitionInnerouterusedcastconcreteandnativeplantswhatkindsofmanipulationtechniquesdidyouuseTheplantsusedarethosethatwouldnaturallyoccurgrowingonrockthoughtheymustbeestablishedonsomeothergrowingmediumincludedinthesculpturebeforetheycanspreadtoconcrete.Thisistheprimarymanipulationtechnique.WhatwereyourreasonsforincorporatingvariousnativeplantspeciesintoyourworkImpersonallyveryinterestedinnativeplantsandthepossibilitiesaroundthem.Idothinktheyaregreatlyunder-appreciatedandtheyhavealottotellusabouttheplaceinwhichwelive.Iwantedtocelebratethemandgrowtheminawaythatwasunconventionalandchallenging.WasthereanyparticularreasonforshowingboththeexternalandinternalsurfacesofthecastconcreteYes.Ilikethecontrastbetweenthesmoothlifelessouterandthecoarsemoreorganicinnerconcrete.Alsoastheplantsgrowinsidetheworktheyaremorelikelytoadheretothecoarselynishedconcreteratherthanthesmooth.Yourworkwasdescribedasaseriesofidiosyncraticconcretejunglespulledfromthefabricofthelocalurbanenvironmentremindingtheviewerofthosemomentswhenyoucomeacrosssomeplantlifepushingthroughabrokenbitoffootpath.WhatisyourresponsetothiscritiqueIthinkthisisagoodintroductiontothework.FormoreinformationonJamieNorthandhisuseofslagmaterialsvisithttpwww.jamienorth.comSincethisarticlewenttopublicationNorthhasbeenawardedtheNSWVisualArtsFellowshipforEmergingArtistsExhibitionandintendstostudyslagintheUSnextyear.CongratulationsJamieACHATWITHJAMIENORTH PIANCAUSTRALIAWORKSHOPSUSTAINABLEPORTS9-10SEPTEMBER2013PIANCistheglobalorganisationwhichprovidesguidanceandencouragestheuseofsustainablewaterbornetransportinportsandwaterways.Thisorganisationisbothnon-politicalandnon-protandbringstogetherleadinginternationalexpertsontechnicaleconomicandenvironmentalissuesinthiseld.PIANCAustraliasvisionistobetherecognisedleaderinestablishingbestpracticeandstandardsofexcellenceinthesustainabledevelopmentofinfrastructureandoperationsofAustralianportsandwaterways.ThePIANCAustraliaWorkshop-SustainablePortscontinuedagainthisyearonthe9-10September2013.Withconsiderablesuccesssincetheintroductionofthisinitiativethisworkshopattractedinternationalandnationalspeakerstodiscusscurrenttopicalissues.IntermsoftherelevanceofironandsteelslagstheNSWPortAuthorityattendedtheconferencetosharetheirexperiencesofutilisationofslagproductsasdemonstratedinthePortKemblaExpansion.Keycharacteristicssuchaslittletonosettlementcosteciencyandaninterlockingangleofreposesupportedtheuseofover3.5milliontonnesofslagproductsmakingitpreferableoverothernaturallyderivedproducts.ConferencetopicsincludedWG150Report-SustainablePortsApracticalguideforportauthoritiesDredgingforSustainableportsBenecialuseofdredgedmaterialBenecialuseforreclamationofalternativematerialsWG143Report-InitialAssessmentofEnvironmentalEectsofNavigationandInfrastructureprojectsRegulatoryConsiderationsApprovalsLicencesandConditionsOsetsandEcologicalRestorationClimateChangeImpactsAdaptionandMitigationFormoreinformationonPIANCAustraliapleasevisithttppianc.org.auwww.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1313 TheUSNationalSlagAssociationhelditsregionalmeetingatthenewCaterpillarVisitorCenterinPeoriaonMarch19-20withattendeesrepresentingacross-sectionofsteelproducersslagprocessorsequipmentmanufacturersandserviceprovidersgatheringtodiscusssafetyinnovationsenvironmentalissuesregulatorytrendsandnewequipment.AmongthetopicswereindustrygoverningbodiesbestpracticesareviewofEPAlegislationandfugitivedustmanagement.Mostdiscussionsweredominatedbysafetyandenvironmentalcontent.Theeventwasattendedbyover50activeandalliedNSAmembersincludingorganizationsthatareactivelyengagedinironandsteelslagprocessingreningandorthemarketingoftheseslagsaswellasthoseinvolvedinrelatedactivitiessuchasmanufacturersandusersofironandsteelslags.SponsoredandhostedbyNSAmemberDustControlTechnologythemeetingwasheldattheexpansiveCaterpillarVisitorCenterontheIllinoisRiver.Thefacilityprovidesafascinatinglookatthecompanyequipmentandpeoplemakingsustainableprogresspossiblearoundtheworld.FeaturedprojectsincludedCaterpillarsroleinbuildingSanFranciscosfamedcablecarsystemconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDaminChinaandthewideningofthePanamaCanal.DCTVicePresidentAaronValencicpointedoutthatsafetywasalwaysaprimarytopicatthemeetings.ThesteelindustrydoesnthaveagoverningbodysuchastheminingindustryhasinMSHAheexplained.AndOSHAreallyisntcomprehensiveenoughtocoverallsteelindustryactivity.ForthatreasonNSAconsiderspartofitsmissiontobeforminggroupstodevelopbestpracticesandreduceworkplacehazards.WorkingcloselywithsisterAssociationsacrosstheglobeoverthepastfewyearsNSAhasalsoenteredintoanocialalliancewiththeseassociationsundertheWorldofIronandSteelSlag-NetworkorWoISS.NetworkmembersincludeAustralasianironandsteelSlagAssociationASABrazilianSteelCo-ProductsCenterCCACanadianSlagAssociationCSAEUROSLAGNationalSlagAssociationNSANipponSlagAssociationJSATheorganizationcurrentlyhostedbytheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationconductssixmonthlyconferencecallsaspartofannualmeetingshostedbymemberassociations.VisittheASAwebsiteformoreinformationonthisalliancehttpwww.asa-inc.org.aumembership-woiss.phpFormoreinformationontheUSNationalSlagAssociationNSAvisithttpwww.nationalslag.orgUSNationalSlagAssociationREGIONALMEETINGATCATERPILLARVISITORCENTRE.www.asa-inc.org.au14connectionsNovember13 www.asa-inc.org.auconnectionsNovember1315TheConcreteInstituteofAustraliasBiennialNationalConferenceConcrete2013washeldattheGoldCoastConventionandExhibitionCentreGoldCoastQueenslandfrom16to18October2013.Conferencehighlightsincluded5keynotespeakers75sessions15awardposters480registrantsnetworkinglisteningandlearningfromthebestintheeld44exhibitingcompanies11sponsorsThebroadthemeoftheconferencewasUnderstandingConcretecoveringmaterialsresearchdesignconstructionandinnovation.Theconferenceprovidedaforumforthesharingofideasandexperiencethroughformalpresentationsindustrydisplaysandinformalcontactbetweendelegates.Itwastheconcreteindustryspre-eminenttechnicalandsocialeventintheSouthernHemispherefor2013.ThetechnicalprogramwasofvaluetopracticingCivilandStructuralEngineersEngineeringAcademicsConcreteProductManufacturersCivilandBuildingContractorsDevelopersGovernmentDepartmentscoveringTransportRoadsRailwaysandPublicWorksandLocalGovernmentShiresandCouncils.Oneofthemainthemesthatarosefromthisconferencewasthegrowingpopularityofslagmaterialsandtheiruseingeopolymers.ThisproductwasrepresentedinanumberofsessionsincludingStructuresResearchandApplications5SessionsConcreteMaterialsandPerformance3SessionsandGeopolymerConcrete3Sessions.Thisindicatesyetanotherinnovativeeldforthecontinuedbenecialutilisationofironandsteelslagproducts.TheAssociationreceivedapositiveresponsefromConferencedelegatesandfellowexhibitors.Therewereanumberofenquiriesrangingfrommembershipinterestobtainingsamplesforresearchprogramstogeneralinterestinouraimsandactivities.TheseeventsareimportanttotheeducationandtechnicalfoundationsoftheAssociationbecauseitbringsmemberstogetherwithotherindustrystakeholderstoencourageknowledgetransfer.Concrete2015willbeheldfrom30Augustuntil2September2015atthePullmanAlbertParkMelbourne.Formoreinformationvisithttpconcrete2015.com.auhttpconcrete2015.com.auConcrete2013 ViewsexpressedinConnectionsnewsletterdonotnecessarilyreecttheopinionoftheAustralasianSlagAssociation.Allcontributionsarewelcomedthoughthepublisherreservestherighttodeclineoreditforstylegrammarlengthandlegalreasons.SUBSCRIBETOwww.asa-inc.org.auwww.asa-inc.org.au16connectionsNovember13BackinAugusttheAustralasianironsteelSlagAssociationattendedtheASCP2013ConcretePavementsConferenceattheAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumDarlingHarbourSydney.ThisonedaytechnicaleventaimedtoprovidetheindustrywithcurrentandrelevantinformationaboutconcretepavementdesignconstructionmaterialsandequipmentfromwithinAustraliaandinternationally.AdditionallytheMuseumlocationprovidedaninterestingvenuewithaccesstoalargenumberofmaritimehistoricalartifacts.With10internationalanddomestictechnicalpresentationscoupledwithanumberofdiscussionsessionsthisConferenceoereddelegatestailoredinformationonspecictopicsandtheopportunitytodiscussconceptsandideaswithpresentersandcolleaguesalike.TheAssociationencouragesmemberstoattendsucheventsastheyaordavaluabletechnicalandprofessionalnetworkingopportunityinindustryrelatedelds.WelookforwardtothenextASCPconferencein2015.FormoreinformationontheASCPpleasevisithttpwww.concretepavements.com.auDefault.aspxAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsASCP