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5.CASESTUDIESTherearenumerouscasestudieswhichdemonstratetheeectiveutilisationofslag.ThefollowingcasestudiesareaselectionofrecentprojectswhereISSprovidedsolutionsfortheprojectcontractorproponentorclient.ApplicationAmountofSlagUsedktNorthKiamaBy-PassLakeMacquarieCityCouncilvariousprojectsHunterExpresswayNSWWollongongNorthernDistributorExtensionRTARMSvariousprojectsGreaterNewcastleNSWGosfordCityCouncilvariousprojectsNewEnglandHighwayHarpersHillNSWPrincesHighwayRealignmentOakFlats16580684031221670Table4-CaseStudiesinNSW.4ThroughthesesystemstheAssociationhasbeeninstrumentalinnegotiatingandsecuringvariousexemptionsorapprovalpathwaysforISSmaterialsincludingBlastFurnaceSlagincludingGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlagSteelFurnaceSlagElectricArcFurnaceSlagLadleFurnaceSlagTheseexemptionsrepresentasignicantandimportantsteptowardscreatinggreaterinvestmentcertaintyforourindustrymembers.ExemptionsmaybeusedbyanyonewithoutseekingapprovalfromtheEPAprovidedthegeneratorsprocessorsandconsumersfullycomplywiththeconditionsoftheexemption.Howevertheseexemptionsdonotexcusethoseusingthemfromcomplyingwithrelevantplanningconsentrequirementsanditistheirresponsibilitytoseekanynecessarydevelopmentconsentsfromtheappropriateregulatoryauthority.GeneralexemptionsaredevelopedandpublishedbyNSWEPAwithinputfromindustrygroupsformaterialswhichcanberecoveredreprocessedorreused.TheseexemptionscanbeusedwithoutnotifyingthegrantingauthorityprovidedthattheconditionsoftheExemptionaremet.ForexampleconditionsthatareprescribedintheGeneralExemptiongiveguidanceforenduseapplicationssuchasconcrete.Thisisnottomeanonlyconcretebutapplicationsthatresultinboundmatricesforexampleboundpavementproductslikeslagroadbase.Generalexemptionsaregazettedastheybecomeavailableorwhentheexemptionisamendedorrevoked.ResourceRecoveryExemptionscanbeamendedfromtimetotimeandgeneratorsprocessorsorconsumersofwastederivedmaterialsshouldreferencethewebsiteforthelatestversions.CopiesofNSWEPAexemptionsgazzettedforironandsteelslagscanbedownloadedfromhttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auwastegeneralrre.htmInrecentyearsincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalissuesinoursocietyhasimprovedutilisationofslag.Forexamplecarbonreductionopportunitiesthroughtheuseofslaghavebeentriedandtestedasasustainablealternativewhichgivespreferencetothismaterialincomparisontotheuseoftraditionalcementandquarriedresources.1011Whencoupledwithmembercompaniesidentifyingnewopportunitiesforslagproductsinvestmentwillcontinuetoensurethesemarketsarefurtherdeveloped.Figure5.1-NorthernDistributorheadingnorth.5.1CASESTUDY1NORTHERNDISTRIBUTOREXTENSIONBULLINSWIn2009constructioncommencedonthePrincesHighwayNorthernDistributorExtensionlinkingWollongongtothenorthernBulliarea.Themainslagproductusedwasan8020ratioofair-cooledBFSGBFSwith2binder.Inaddition300mmofBFSselectllanda600mmneslayerofaircooledBFSwasusedinthesubbase.BFSroadbasewasthepreferredmaterialproposedundertender.Thismaterialwaspreferredovernaturalequivalentsbecauseofitsreducedcompactiveeortandincreasedlifeexpectancyasaresultofstrengthgainovertime.OvertheperiodofMarch2009untilNovember200940ktofBFSmaterialsuppliedtotheproject.ThismaterialcompliedwithRMSspecicationsR73and3051.QuickReferenceGuide12013RoadsGuideSupplementonGeneralApplications